Bacterial Zoonoses
A bacterium is a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organised nucleus. The diseases caused by bacteria are known as bacterial diseases.
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Capnocytophaga
Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a kind of bacteria (germ) present in the mouth of dogs and cats. These bacteria do not make animals ill. Sometimes, these germs may transfer to humans via, licks or bites of dogs and cats. In most cases, they do not make humans sick as well but people with compromised immunities and pre-existing health issues are usually at risk. This disease can cause septicaemia, meningitis, endocarditis and ocular infections. This infection is not new but due to modern medical techniques, it has started gaining attention. It is found in most parts of the world.
This bacteria is found mainly in the mouth of dogs and rarely in the mouth of cats. It is spread by direct transmission via dog bites, licks, close contact, etc. The incubation period can be about 5-7 days. It causes disease in immunocompromised humans. It may or may not cause the disease in dogs and cats.
In humans-
- Inflammation at the site of injury
- Pain
- Purulent discharge
- Regional lymphadenopathy
- Fever, chills, muscle ache, vomiting and diarrhoea are observed
- More severe signs like meningitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia may be observed in immunocompromised people
- About 3 in 10 affected people die due to the fast spread of the symptoms
In animals-
- This bacterium usually does not cause disease in dogs and cats. It mainly transmits from them.
- In the case where it transmits the disease, the signs are similar to those of humans.
Diagnosis is based on the bacterial culture of blood or other body fluids. Broad range PCR followed by DNA sequencing is also being popularised nowadays.
- Follow a strict handwashing regime if you have pets at home.
- If you have been bitten by a dog or a cat, wash it immediately with soap and running water.
- If you develop any symptoms 10-14 days after an animals bite, contact your physician without any delay.
- Avoid contact with pet saliva of broken skin and mucus membranes.